Depression definition google scholar

The term refers to a core experience of feeling sad or down and to associated symptoms that vary widely. Here, depression is a way of focusing mental resources in order to figure a way out of a tricky situation. Detecting recurrent major depressive disorder within primary care rapidly and reliably using short questionnaire measures. Major depression (MD) is a severe, life-threatening, and highly prevalent psychiatric disorder , predicted to soon become one of the major causes of death worldwide.

Despite extensive investigations, the exact mechanisms responsible for MD have not been identified.

The earliest theory to emerge, which survives to the present, the ‘monoamine hypothesis of depression’ , posited that depression is caused by a deficiency of the monoamines, noradrenaline, serotonin or both, in the brain and that antidepressant drugs restore these to normal. The term “postpartum depression” is an umbrella, which en-compasses several mood disorders that follow childbirth. THERE APPEARS to be good agreement among clinicians relative to the range of symptoms characteristic of depression. Most people who become depressed will have multiple episodes, and some depressions are chronic. However, the subtyplng of depression Is fundamental for Its correct treatment.

The current subtyplng of depression Is based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th eText Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. The major depressive episode is the basic definition of depression given in DSM-IV-TR.

Childhood adversities and quality of sleep in adulthood: A population-based study of 20Finns. There are a variety of causes, including genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Women can also get postpartum depression after the birth of a baby.

It is much more common in women. Depression is a disorder of the brain. It causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. To be diagnosed with depression , the symptoms must be present for at least two weeks. In this chapter we describe anxiety and depression focused on adolescents and reviewed approaches to the study of anxiety and depression symptoms related with the academic performance in adolescents and young guys.

We are working on the new version of our website. There is also an advanced search with more options. Comorbid diabetes and depression are a major clinical challenge as the outcomes of both conditions are worsened by the other.

Although the psychological burden of diabetes may contribute to depression , this explanation does not fully explain the relationship between these conditions. Major depression is a common illness that severely limits psychosocial functioning and diminishes quality of life. In practice, its detection, diagnosis, and management often pose challenges for clinicians because of its various presentations. A formal therapy for depression , behavioural activation focuses on activity scheduling to encourage patients to approach activities that they are avoiding and on analysing the function of cognitive processes (e.g. rumination) that serve as a form of avoidance.

Several confounding variables must be controlled to determine if the presence of depression could be considered the only factor accounting for group differences.

For the most stringent definition of depression , severe DSM-IV major depressive disorder, there was evidence of genetic factors in the development of depression in women but not in men, also implicating that the magnitude of genetic contributions differs between sexes for this disorder. Dysthymic disorder is a syndrome of depression of mild or moderate severity that lasts at least years (). Minor depression in elderly people is associated with functional disability, and about of patients develop major depression within years. Low and decreasing self-esteem during adolescence predicts adult depression two decades later.

The validity of the concept of situational (i.e. reactive) depression as distinct from other major depressive subtypes is examined in terms of psychosocial stressors, personality features, current symptomatology, and clinical course and follow-up. Subsequent criticisms of this definition focused on its non-specificity, the absence of clear anchors or definitions of “well-being,” and the inclusion of “complete” as a qualifier, which renders most people unhealthy and health an unachievable goal. Nevertheless, the seemingly unrealistic WHO.

An extensive literature has also identified DM and depression as independent risk factors for dementia. A meta-analysis found that persons with DM have a increased risk for all-cause dementia. Two recent meta-analyses 1found that depression doubled the subsequent risk for all-cause dementia.

A controlled study of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling in the treatment of postnatal depression. Systematic changes in cerebral glucose metabolic rate after successful behavior modification treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.